First issue that arises in al-rahn products is the attachment issue and dependencies of each contract. The ar-rahnu contract places great importance on the practice of pawning, which is free from elements prohibited by Syarak, such as the presence of riba and gharar elements. In this era, the rapid development in the field of ar-rahnu has encouraged more banking institutions, public cooperatives, and financial companies to offer this service (Noha Sama, Mohamad Aniq Aiman Alias, 2024). Relatedness and dependency rahn, wadiah and ujrah contracts with qard contracts in the structure . This product raises the issues of qard jarra naf an (loan that generates benefits to lenders) and bai` wa salaf (combination of contracts buying and selling and loans) which are not allowed by Syarak. Based on Rasulullah S.A.W's arguments : From Ali R.A said that the Prophet SAW said: Every card that generates benefits (to the card issuer) is usury. In this product structure, one of the contracts will not be effective without the existence of other contracts. For example, in the product structure al- rahn above states that the customer will pledge the asset pledge in the form of gold or jewelry to the bank for a purpose loan collateral and the bank will make an assessment on the quality and the purity of the gold to determine eligible loans accepted by the customer. Next, a loan (qard) will be given to customers in the short term after the pledge letter is signed. This means only the customer saves and pledges their gold to banks only eligible to get a loan from the bank, and the wages charged for Gold storage services depend on the value of the gold which is pledged. This indirectly creates the connection between the qard and the saving wage charge leading to the qard jarra naf'an issue (Aida Rasyiqah Binti Zulkifli, Zamzuri Bin Zakaria, 2021). In addition, the combination of rahn and qard in the ar-rahnu product for generating profit does not meet the objectives of the contract (muqtada `aqd) rahn and qard considering the objective originally both contracts were for collateral and charity (BNM Shariah Advisory Council 2019).
Meanwhile, al-rahn products are also linked to the ban merger of buying and selling with debt (bay' wa salaf) as hadith: Meaning: From `Amru bin Shuaib from his father from his grandfather: Verily the Messenger of God forbade consolidation of debt with sale and purchase, two deep contracts one transaction (buying and selling), and profit without any guarantee (without taking risks).
For example, someone promises to give a debt with the condition that the borrower will rent a house owned by the creditor. Like that mentioned by Ibn Qudamah where the prohibition arises when one sets the conditions in the loan by renting the house to creditors (Ibn Qudamah, 1997). This was forbidden by the Prophet SAW because it leads to usury. Because of the prohibition of bay' wa salaf is a stipulation to make a sale (or other exchange contract) conditional on the loan contract and its representatives. It is clear that the prohibition arises upon the execution of both contracts that is made conditional on each other ('uqūd mutaqabilah) (Munawwaruzzaman Mahmud, Muhammad Hisyam Hassan & Nur Fathin Khairul Anuar, 2018). a sales contract is only valid if a debt contract is made, it means there is an element of attachment between one contract and another that leads to riba element.